Web Survey Bibliography
A potential limitation of web-only panels of the general public, even when households are selected using probability methods, is that only about 70 percent of U.S. households have members with Internet access. In addition, some members of Internet-connected households may be unable or unwilling to participate over the web. The Gallup Panel uses both web and mail modes to survey respondents and in 2006 included approximately 50,000 households selected by random-digit dialing. Frequent Internet users were assigned to respond by the web, while others were assigned to participate by mail using a paper questionnaire with a similar visual layout to the web. We use several approaches to determine whether or not the mail option adds value to the results in an otherwise Internet panel and organize our analyses around answering a series of questions. First, does the use of mail allow different types of people to be included? Second, do mail and web respondents give different answers to the same questions? Third, does weighting on and controlling for demographics eliminate any differences in responses from mail and web respondents and indicate that mail is not needed? Finally, do differences exist when responses are collected using an independent mode? In general, the answers to these questions suggest that use of mail adds value to the panel results and improves the overall accuracy of survey results.
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Web survey bibliography - Dillman, D. A. (52)
- Improving the Effectiveness of Online Data Collection by Mixing Survey Modes; 2017; Dillman, D. A.; Hao, F.; Millar, M. M.
- On Climbing Stairs Many Steps at a Time: The New Normal in Survey Methodology; 2015; Dillman, D. A.
- Improving Response to Household Surveys Using Mail Contact to Request Responses over the Internet: Results...; 2015; Dillman, D. A.
- Internet, Phone, Mail, and Mixed-Mode Surveys: The Tailored Design Method, 4th Edition; 2014; Dillman, D. A., Smyth, J. D., Christian, L. M.
- Achieving Synergy Across Survey Modes: Mail Contact and Web Responses from Address-Based Samples; 2013; Dillman, D. A.
- An Experimental Evaluation of How Mode Sequence for offering Internet, Mail and Telephone Options Affects...; 2013; Finamore, J., Dillman, D. A.
- Attitudes of Nebraska Residents on Nebraska Water Management; 2013; Dillman, D. A., Edwards, M. L.
- Mode Effects in Mixed-Mode Surveys: Prevention, Diagnostics, and Adjustment 1; 2013; de Leeuw, E. D., Dillman, D. A., Schouten, B.
- Understanding the resilience of mail-back survey methods: An analysis of 20 years of change in response...; 2012; Rookey, B. D., Le, L., Littlejohn, M., Dillman, D. A.
- Intensifying the Request: Results from an Experiment on Improving Internet Response Rates for Address...; 2012; Messer, B. L., Dillman, D. A.
- Do Mail and Internet Surveys Produce Different Item Nonresponse Rates? An Experiment Using Random Mode...; 2012; Millar, M. M., Dillman, D. A.
- Determinants of Item Nonresponse to Web and Mail Respondents in Three Address-Based Mixed-Mode Surveys...; 2012; Messer, B. L., Edwards, M. L., Dillman, D. A.
- How Visual Design Affects the Interpretability of Survey Questions; 2011; Toepoel, V., Dillman, D. A.
- Surveying the General Public over the Internet Using Address-Based Sampling and Mail Contact Procedures...; 2011; Messer, B. L., Dillman, D. A.
- Creating Effective Designs for Mixed-Mode Surveys; 2011; Dillman, D. A.
- In the Face of Declining Budgets: The Student Experience at Washington State University ; 2011; Allen, T., Dillman, D. A., Garza, B., Millar, M. M.
- IVR and web administration in structured interviews utilizing rating scales: exploring the role of motivation...; 2011; Yang, Y., Callegaro, M., Bhola, D. S., Dillman, D. A.
- Research synthesis. AAPOR report on online panels; 2010; Brick, J. M., Baker, R., Blumberg, S. J., Couper, M. P., Courtright, M., Dennis, J. M., Dillman, D....
- Mixed-mode surveys; 2010; Dillman, D. A., Messer, B. L.
- Improving Response to Mail and Web Mixed-Mode Surveys: The Effects of Offering Choice on Survey Response...; 2010; Millar, M. M., Dillman, D. A.
- Questionnaire Design Guidelines for Establishment Surveys; 2010; Morrison, R. L., Dillman, D. A., Christian, L. M.
- Does Visual Appeal Matter? Effects of Web Survey Aesthetics on Survey Quality; 2010; Mahon-Haft, T., Dillman, D. A.
- Using the Internet to Survey Small Towns and Communities: Limitations and Possibilities in the Early...; 2010; Smyth, J. D., Dillman, D. A., Christian, L. M., O'Neill, A. C.
- Response format effects on measurement of employment; 2009; Thomas, R. K., Dillman, D. A., Smyth, J. D.
- Words, Numbers and Visual Heuristics in Web Surveys: Is There a Hierarchy of Importance?; 2009; Toepoel, V., Dillman, D. A.
- Improving the Effectiveness of Mail Contact Procedures to Obtain Survey Response Over the Internet for...; 2009; Messer, B. L., Dillman, D. A.
- The Difficult but Essential Challenge of Designing Mixed-Mode Surveys; 2009; Dillman, D. A.
- Using Mail Contact to Sample and Encourage Submission of Questionnaire Answers Over the Internet; 2009; Dillman, D. A., Messer, B. L., Millar, M. M.
- Visual Heuristics and Answer Formats in Rating Scales; 2009; Toepoel, V. Dillman, D. A.
- Open-Ended Questions in Web Surveys: Can Increasing the Size of Answer Boxes and Providing Extra Verbal...; 2009; Smyth, J. D., Dillman, D. A., Christian, L. M., McBride, M.
- Are Mode Preferences Real?; 2009; Millar, M. M., O'Neill, A. C., Dillman, D. A.
- Designing Scalar Questions for Web Surveys; 2009; Christian, L. M., Parsons, N. L., Dillman, D. A.
- Response rate and measurement differences in mixed-mode surveys using mail, telephone, interactive voice...; 2009; Dillman, D. A., Phelps, G., Tortora, R. D., Swift, K., Kohrell, J., Berck, J., Messer, B. L.
- Some consequences of survey mode changes in longitudinal surveys; 2008; Dillman, D. A.
- To Mix or Not To Mix Survey Modes; 2008; Dillman, D. A.
- ...; 2008; Dillman, D. A., Smyth, J. D., Christian, L. M., O'Neill, A. C.
- Internet, Mail, and Mixed-Mode Surveys: The Tailored Design Method ; 2008; Dillman, D. A., Christian, L. M., Smyth, J. D.
- How can we convince the general public to respond to internet surveys?; 2008; Dillman, D. A.
- Combining Mail and Internet Methods to Conduct Household Surveys of the General Public: A New Methodology...; 2008; Dillman, D. A., Smyth, J. D., Christian, L. M., Oneill, A.
- Does the Inclusion of Mail and Web Alternatives in a Probability-Based Household Panel Improve the Accuracy...; 2008; Rookey, B. D., Dillman, D. A., Hanway, S.
- Does a Probability-Based Household Panel Benefit from Assignment to Postal Response as an Alternative...; 2008; Rookey, B. D., Hanway, S., Dillman, D. A.
- Context effects in Internet Surveys: New issues and evidence; 2007; Smyth, J. D., Dillman, D. A., Christian, L. M.
- Guidelines for Designing Questionnaires for Administration in Different Modes; 2007; Martin, E., Hunter, J. E., DeMaio, T., Hill, Jo., Reiser, C., Gerber, E., Styles, K., Dillman, D. A.
- Is it Possible to Obtain Equivalent Answers to Scalar Questions in Web and Telephone Surveys?; 2006; Christian, L. M., Dillman, D. A., Smyth, J. D.
- Open-Ended Questions in Web and Telephone Surveys; 2006; Smyth, J. D., Dillman, D. A., Christian, L. M., McBride, M.
- Comparing Check-All and Forced-Choice Question Formats in Web Surveys: The Role of Satisficing, Depth...; 2005; Smyth, J. D., Dillman, D. A., Christian, L. M., Stern, M. J.
- Response latency as an indicator of optimizing. A study comparing job applicants and job incumbents...; 2004; Callegaro, M., Yang, Y., Bhola, D. S., Dillman, D. A.
- The Influence of Graphical and Symbolic Language Manipulations on Responses to Self-Administered Questions...; 2004; Christian, L. M., Dillman, D. A.
- Results from cognitive interviews of nsf earned doctorate Web survey; 2002; Altheimer, I., Dillman, D. A.
- Survey Nonresponse; 2001; Groves, R. M., Dillman, D. A., Eltinge, J. L.